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It shows the families cutting up plastic, melting, soaking it and turning it into a sludge — then turning it into hardened pellets. The little girl washes her face in the gray plastic-polluted water and eats fish that have choked on bits of plastic. They live and work and eat and sleep near a plastic-shredding machine, inhaling dust and microparticles that are byproducts of the process.
The whole village is enveloped in plastic detritus. And much of this garbage was imported from other countries. The girl cuts out shoes from European catalogues and cleans off dirty Mickey Mouse figures to play with. Plastic China made the film festival circuit and was even seen in China for a while before the government pulled it from Chinese Internet. Coincidence or causation, National Sword came shortly thereafter.
China moved to crack down on informal recycling plants and build newer, better, safer and more efficient recycling systems. Beyond that, the country also shifted focus to recycling internally rather than taking on recyclables from the rest of the world.
In the US, where there is no national recycling policy, this shift has thrown the recycling industry for a loop.
One upside of all of this is a rise in more local recycling infrastructure. None of these alternatives, though, will really solve the problem — there are just too many things to recycle and a lot of it is just too dirty. Liquids and foods and oils make it harder to recycle things, many of which end up in landfills or incinerators as a result.
We have lost track of reducing and reusing. Single-use products including straws, bags, cups and bottles are a big part of the problem, as are items made of multiple different materials particularly ones that are hard to pull back apart, like toothpaste tubes. Countries, states and cities need to press producers to design more sustainable products and packaging, and develop more recycling infrastructure. People create pollution and people can stop it, but it has to be done at all levels and steps of the process, starting with better design.
They can choose materials that biodegrade or recycle more easily, and design products that break down into recyclable constituent parts. In the end, Operation National Sword could be a wakeup call. But only if producers, consumers, and governments tune in and listen.
Could you do a story on the one of those waste to energy, clean incinerators? My home town in Japan built one of those a year or so ago, and she no longer has to sort trash like she used to. She still takes clear plastic bottles and glass bottles for recycling bins at markets, but the new incinerator made her life quite a bit easier.
How good are they really? I think Europe spearheads with those clean burning incinerators, Japan is one of the biggest users, how good really are they?
It sounds like, at least in the last year, it is. Hey guys, do you have any details on the name of that French plastic-free toothpaste you mentioned in the episode? I was under the impression that the hot water used to wash out yoghurt containers used more energy than the value of recycling the container.
Is this not true? How do we encourage reuse where it is practical? In Germany, people are explicitly advised NOT to wash their recycling material at home because doing so on an individual household level would waste way more water than doing it at industrial scale at the recycling facility. And as to the effect of incinerators: the city of Munich deploys a giant one to heat households in the city with hot water.
Good story. Lead a brief wrap-up brainstorm discussion about alternatives to different types of plastics. Students create timelines to demonstrates their understanding of the causes and effects of the development and use of particular plastic items over time.
Students use the "Sea to Source: Ganges" river expedition on the Ganges River as a case study to learn about the impacts of plastic pollution on communities. After learning about one method of plastic data collection, they begin to plan their own research on plastic in their community. Have students read to learn about a data collection method used in this expedition. Lead students in a wrap-up discussion to think about how places might be affected differently by plastic waste.
Students can find a local waterway and collect data about the plastic they find, then share with the class. Students use a variety of resources to learn about the relationship between socioeconomic differences and the impacts of plastic pollution.
Students consider the environmental impact of plastic objects by listening to a podcast and reading an article. Play segments of an NPR podcast to explain the environmental impact of single-use plastic sachets. Have students read an article to learn about shipping plastic waste overseas.
Engage students in an analysis of data to connect global income inequality with plastic waste management. Complete an exit ticket to explain how geographic inequality is related to plastic waste management.
Students explore their town or city and record inequalities as they relate to plastic waste, then share their observations with the class. In their campaign groups, students use text and images to learn about the impacts of plastic waste as it ends up in bodies of water, in the air, and in soil.
Students develop an evidence-based statement of the problem of plastic pollution to synthesize their learning from this lesson. Have students read to learn about different impacts of plastic pollution on the environment. Assign students the task of writing their problem statement for the policy proposal. Synthesize the content learned in this lesson, The Plastic Problem , to write their problem statement about plastic pollution.
Use the rubric and the checklist to guide the writing of the statement. Students need access to the chalk or whiteboard, or a wall, to post their sticky notes and view all of the sticky notes from the class.
Student pairs will need to have one computer per pair for the reading part of this activity, or articles will need to be printed in advance.
Students with mobility issues will need to be able to access a unit of the classroom clear of obstacles to do the inventory exercise. This activity would be best taught during one block period or taught over two days. Plastic is a practical choice for production in many fields, such as medicine, manufacturing, and technology.
The problem with plastic is that it does not break down like materials found in nature. As we continue to use new plastics on a regular basis, we contribute to a growing problem of plastic pollution as it accumulates in the waste stream. One place that is severely impacted by plastic waste is the Ganges River that runs from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal. Densely populated, poverty impacted countries such as India lack the waste management systems needed to dispose of plastic waste properly.
A team of explorers from National Geographic has been collecting plastic waste data on the Ganges in an effort to reduce the problem of plastic pollution. This lesson is part of the unit Toward a Plastic-Responsible Future. Also called the Ganga. Timelines are sometimes used on maps to give a better idea of how time relates to the data or theme represented. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit.
The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Jeanna Sullivan, National Geographic Society. National Geographic Grantee. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service.
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They will best know the preferred format. When you reach out to them, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer.
If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Before the plastics may even reach any of these stages, however, it must be collected. In collecting plastics, they may either be dropped off a specific facility, or collected curbside via a commercial company and dropped off at a facility, where it can be sorted from there[15][34][37], of course it can just as easily become litter. The method most obviously tied to energy is incineration, which directly involves generating heat.
Furthermore, incineration is the only method by which the size of plastic waste is thoroughly reduced[19]. However, there are several parts of this process which stand in the way of this being a viable option, which at the forefront is the fact that the process is inefficient meaning there is no net positive of energy , as the energy which is derived is not greater than the input, also it requires a large amount of emissions controls and advanced technology[16][21].
Recycling is the process in which recovered material is used to make some new product, where there are four different types: primary, a mechanical process forming a product with equal properties, secondary, a mechanical process forming a product with lesser properties, tertiary, a recovery of the chemical constituents, and quarterrary, which is the recovery of energy[2][25].
The least likely form of recycling, and the least common, is primary recycling, due to the heterogeneity, contamination, age, and overall hopelessness of the recovery of usable plastic from the municipal waste stream[17][19]. To begin the process of recycling, sorting, which is both manual and automated, is the most important step, which is followed in importance by decontamination.
Separating contaminants involves removing paints and coatings through the use of grinding, using a solvent, or hot water which contains cleaning agents[2][51]. After decontamination, the plastics may be shredded, mixed with other polymers, washed, dried, gathered together, extruded, and finally pelletized[2][15]. The energy used in this process is similar that used in extruding plastic, but it involves extra energy in sorting, decontaminating, washing, and collection of the material.
The process of energy recovery is the same as incineration, and all of these forms of recycling have a high energy requirement associated with them. However, these are not the means by which a majority of the plastics reach their end.
The energy to maintain plastics in a landfill is very linear, as the process is mainly collection of the waste, transport to the landfill, and then maintenance of the landfill. However there are several unintended consequences of this basic process. This means as more and more landfills become full, more landfills are required to accumulate for the build up, this is likely why we have a total of landfills with in the U.
This refuse in nature is often spread around by the conditions, especially by the winds and currents of the ocean, meaning plastics has been found in all major ocean basins[19][21]. After looking back on the entire lifecycle of a plastic straw, there was one fundamental part which ties each phase together: the transportation.
Transportation is apparent within every phase of the life cycle: from moving workers, equipment, and most importantly the materials from phase to phase. In moving the raw petrol to distilleries, often times either a pipeline, which uses natural gas in the compressor, or distillate fuel, diesel, vehicles due to the sheer quantity and mass of material being moved[30][43].
The factories which process many of the materials into their next stage often receive materials and ship out the product either by barge, rail car, or tanker truck[27].
However, the energy embodied in the material of each of these methods must also be considered. It must also be considered that energy is much higher due to the fact that extraction and smelting of the raw materials must also be considered. Putting it all together, the cumulative energy needed to make a vehicle weighing kg is about 34 GJ, which also varies based on a variety of factors[40].
In the case of moving plastics from a remote location, such as yellowstone, to a recycling facility, it involves transporting, usually by truck a long distance. The total journey started with The fuel used in each of these processes was However, if the materials were transported across the ocean, which often times they are for disposal[21], than the energy would be much higher.
Transport is truly the process which ties all the energy requirements together, from start to finish. With all this information, where does it leave us? To begin, using an extremely rough estimate of million straws a day in the U. To begin, the weight of all these straws, using the data of ten straws weighing 6 grams[13], would be ,, grams, or , kilograms, or metric tonnes. Assuming that. At best, an equal amount of polypropylene is used, which would be , kg resin, and using the data that 1.
For straws, if the gross energy requirement was Then, using the processing energy for straws, if 10 straws use 7. To begin, the size of the United States is about 3. Using an average of the energy values for rail cars, medium and heavy trucks[20], this means that Furthermore, this would mean, using the , kg of fossil fuels, Adding it all up, this means a total of 19, This is an absolutely absurd amount of energy to use, per day, for something that is completely not necessary.
Bear in mind this figure is based off many estimates and assumptions, but it also does not include some figures that I could not find. For example, finding the exact energy used in transporting the material was very difficult, due to the varying nature. Moreover, there are so many more figures which I left out, like the energy use of the workers in the factories, the energy used overall in oil fields, the amount of energy which is used in storage etc.
However, with all of these considerations, this is still a wildly high amount of energy to use for something which is in no way necessary. Why should we keep letting this little plastic figure keep sucking from our already doomed society? Put down the straw and drink from the glass, as was intended.
Stephen, et al. Dyes and Pigments. Springer, The Royal Society, 27 July , www. Lecturis BV, Role of the Olefin. National Park Service. Department of the Interior, www. Smith, JB. The plastic straw, an unnecessary simple machine that makes our drinking needs just that much easier, makes a bigger environmental impact than the small footprint it portrays in the human hand. The life cycle of the plastic straw highlights this fact in which the oversight of the effect with this product is one that needs to be refocused so the waste and emissions of this product is realized.
While only about as long as your hand, the plastic straw may seem like a harmless use for plastic. Though, what many fail to realize is the waste of these simple objects accumulate rapidly over a short span which can create statistics that may seem astronomical for only such a little thing. Overall, the waste of the plastic straw can be broken down into the CO2 emissions from the factories in which the plastic straws are produced, the CO2 emissions from transportation, landfill usage, and the percent of plastic straws recycled.
To start, plastic straws are made from a polypropylene PP in which this raw material has wastes and emissions associated with its creation and use.
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